A summary of physiological processes or disorders in fruits, vegetables and

ornamental products that are delayed or decreased, increased, or unaffected

by application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).

 

Chris B. Watkins and William B.  Miller, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853

 

This summary is based on publications from refereed journals and conference proceedings, but not abstracts.

The table will be updated periodically. Please report any errors or missing citations to:

Chris Watkins (email: cbw3@cornell.edu) or Bill Miller (email: wbm8@cornell.edu).

Updated 6/1/2005.  Printer-friendly .pdf file.

See also these literature reviews:

Blankenship, S.M., Dole, J.M. (2003) 1-Methylcyclopropene: a review. Postharvest Biology and Technology 28: 1-25. 

 

Li, F.J., Yang, H.Q., Zhai, H., Shu, H.R. (2003) Physiological mechanism of 1-MCP in delaying fruit senescence. Acta

     Horticulturae Sinica 30:361-365.

 

Mitcham, B. (2001) Special Issue: 1-MCP, the next revolution in postharvest technology? University of California Perishable Handling Quarterly, Issue No. 108,  34pp.

 

Prange, R.K., DeLong, J.M. (2003) Methylcyclopropene: the "magic bullet" for horticultural products? Chronica Horticulturae.  43: 11-14.

 

Sisler, E.C., Serek, M. (1997) Inhibitors of ethylene responses in plants at the receptor level: Recent developments. Physiologia Plantarum 100: 577-582.

(continued on next page)

 

Sisler E.C., Serek M. (2003) Compounds interacting with the ethylene receptor in plants. Plant Biology 5: 473-480.

Watkins, C.B. (2002) Ethylene synthesis, mode of action, consequences and control. In: Fruit Quality and its Biological Basis. Knee, M. (ed). Sheffield Academic Press. p180-224.

 

Watkins, C.B., Miller, W. B. (2003) Implications of 1-methylcyclopropene registration for use on horticultural products. In: Biology and Technology of the Plant Hormone Ethylene III, p385-390. Vendrell, M., Klee, H., Pech, J.C., Romojaro, F. (eds.) IOS Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

 

Wei, H.C., Pan, Y.G., Qiu, H.Y. (2003) Research advances in effects of 1-methylcyclopropene treatment on postharvest physiology and quality of postharvest fruits and vegetables. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University 22:307-312.

 

 

 

Application and Technology:

 

Macnish, A.J., Joyce, D.C., Irving, D.E., Wearing, A.H.. (2004) A simple sustained release device for the ethylene binding inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene, Postharvest Biology and Technology 32: 321-338.

 

Valero, D.,  Martínez-Romero, D., Valverde, J.M., Guillén, F., S. Castillo, S., Serrano, M. (2004) Could the 1-MCP treatment effectiveness in plum be affected by packaging? Postharvest Biology and Technology 34:295-303.

 


FRUITS

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Climacteric:

 

 

 

 

 

Apple [Malus sylvestris (L) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]

Ethylene production, respiration, softening, loss of titratable acidity, color change,  superficial scald, soft scald, volatile alcohol and ester formation, alcohol acyl-transferase activity, coreflush, browncore, internal browning, core browning, greasiness, senescent breakdown, decay, water loss, a-farnesene production, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA activity, polyphenol oxidase activity, lower antioxidant enzyme (POD, GR, APX, SOD) activities, onset of ethylene production and softening after storage when applied with CO2, protein kinase, ACC synthase activity, ACC oxidase peak, small effect on rate of decline of photochemical efficiency, a-farnesene synthase (AFSI) gene expression

Soluble solids, carbon dioxide injury, irradiation-induced respiratory increase and internal injury, alcohol, aldehyde, and b-damascenone volatiles, sensory preference, heat-induced inhibition of ripening, heat induced superficial injury, decay incidence and severity, bitter pit, carbon dioxide injury, lipid soluble antioxidant activity, water soluble antioxidant capacity, bitter rot and blue mold decays, ACC accumulation, sensory acceptability

Soluble solids, starch index, carbon dioxide injury, loss of titratable acidity, irradiation-induced softening and titratable acidity loss, expression of  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase cDNA (HMG1) transcripts, lypoxygenase activity, aldehyde volatiles

Argenta et al., 2001; Baritelle et al., 2001; Crouch, 2003; Dauny and Joyce, 2002; Dauny et al., 2003; DeEll et al., 2002, 2003; Defilippi et al., 2004, 2005; DeLong et al., 2004; Fan and Mattheis, 1999a,b; Fan et al., 1999a,b; Fan et al., 2001; Gao and Zhang, 2001; Han et al., 2003; Hohn et al., 2004. Janisiewicz et al., 2003; Jayanty et al., 2004; Jiang and Joyce, 2002; Kondo et al., 2005; Leverentz et al., 2003; Li et al., 2003b; Lu and Toivonen, 2003; Lurie et al., 2002a, b, 2005;  MacLean et al., 2003; Mattheis et al., 2005; Mir et al., 2001; Moran and McManus, 2005; Pechous et al., 2005; Pechous and Whitaker, 2002; Pechous et al., 2005; Pre-Aymard et al., 2003, 2005; Rupasinghe et al., 2000, 2001; Saftner et al., 2003; Shaham et al., 2003; Sun et al., 2003; Tan et al.,  2004; Watkins et al., 2000; Zanella, 2001, 2003a,b

 


FRUITS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Climacteric (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Ethylene production, respiration, softening, decay, loss of titratable acidity, color change, production of volatile alcohols, esters, and lactones, pectinmethylesterase and glycosidase activity (depending on cultivar)

 

Days to ripen, terpenols

 

Color, acidity, soluble solids, pectinmethylesterase and glycosidase activity (depending on cultivar)

 

Botondi et al., 2003; Chahine et al., 1999; Dong et al., 2002; Fan et al., 2000a

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.)

Ethylene production, respiration, softening, color change, weight loss, chilling injury (mesocarp discoloration), endo-1,4-b-glucanase and polygalacturonase activities, polyphenol oxidase activity, ripening, gene expression, physiological disorders associated with long-term storage

 

Decay, body rots, stem-end rots

Weight loss

Adkins et al., 2005; Dauny et al., 2003; Feng et al., 2000, 2004; Hofman et al., 2001; Jeong and Huber, 2004; Jeong et al., 2002, 2003; Kluge et al., 2002; Lalel et al., 2003; Owino et al., 2002; Pesis et al., 2002; Woolf et al., 2005

Banana (Musa L.)

Ethylene production, respiration rate, chlorophyll loss, color change, softening, ‘green life’, production of alcohols and related esters; softening of heat-treated fruit, ACC content and ACC oxidase activity, loss of titratable acidity, starch content and increase of soluble solids at low temperature, increase of ethylene-induced cell wall hydrolase activities (pectin methyl esterase, polygalacturonase, cellulose, pectate lyase), expansion gene expression

Shelf life, uneven and blotchy color development, ethylene production, ratio between alcohols and related esters, enhancement of O2 softening, crown rot, chilling injury

Ripening at later stages of application.

Bagnato et al., 2003;Botrel et al., 2002; Golding et al., 1998, 1999; Harris et al., 2000; Jiang and Joyce, 2003; Jiang et al., 1999a,b; Jiang et al., 2001a; Jiang et al., 2004a, b; Kleiber et al., 2003; Lohani et al., 2004; Macnish et al., 2000b; Mainardi et al., 2003; Pathak et al., 2003; Pelayo et al., 2003; Roh et al., 2000; Roh et al., 2001; Sisler and Serek, 1997; Sisler et al., 1996, 1999, 2001, 2003; Trivedi and North, 2004; Wu et al., 2001


FRUITS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Climacteric (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Blueberry, highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

 

 

 

Shelf life

DeLong et al., 2003

Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Siebold and Zuccarni)

 

Ethylene production, respiration rate, electrolyte leakage, softening

 

Soluble solids, titratable acidity, anthocyanin content

Mao et al., 2004a

Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujube M.)

 

Ethylene production, respiration rate, softening, ascorbic acid loss, ethanol accumulation

 

 

Jiang et al., 2004c

Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.)

 

Softening

 

Soluble solids

Benassi et al., 2003

Figs (Ficus carica L.)

 

 

Weight loss

Soluble solids

D’Aquino et al., 2003

Guava (Psidium  guajava L.)

 

Color change, softening, respiration rate

Shelf life, weight loss

Soluble solids, ascorbic acid

Bassetto et al., 2005


FRUITS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Climacteric (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deliciosa

 

Ethylene production, softening (20oC), respiration, color change, increases in glycosidase (b-galactosidase, a-arabinofuranosidase, b-xylosidase) activity

Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities.

Ethylene production, softening (0oC), soluble solids, titratable acidity

Amodio, 2003; Bouquete et al., 2004; Colelli and Ding et al., 2003; Fan and Zhang, 2001; Kim et al., 2001; Neves et al., 2003

Lychee (Litchi chinensis)

 

 

 

Ethylene production, respiration rate, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, chemical composition.

 

Pang et al, 2001

Mamey sapote (Pouteria sapote (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn)

 

Ethylene production, respiration rate, delayed peak of ethylene production

Color development

Soluble solids

Ergun et al., 2005


Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

 

Softening, color change, ethylene production, respiration, aroma volatiles

Days to ripen, decay

Weight loss, body rots, soluble solids, titratable acidity

Hofman et al., 2001; Jiang and Joyce, 2000, Lalel et al., 2003

Melon  (Cucumis melo L.)

 

Ethylene production, respiration rate, chilling injury, ACC oxidase transcripts, acetyl transfer activity, softening, stalk abscission layer, electrolyte leakage

 

 

Weight loss, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, total soluble sugar content, external appearance

Bower et al., 2002; Ergun et al., 2005; Flores et al., 2002; Lima et al., 2004; Yahyaoui et al., 2002.


 

FRUITS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Climacteric (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Mountain papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens)

 

Ethylene production, softening, color change

 

pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids

Moya-Leon et al., 2004

Nectarine (Prunus persica Lindl.)

 

Ethylene production, ripening, softening, loss of acidity

Flesh woolliness and reddening, lower expressible juice

Respiration

Dong et al., 2001a; Liguori et al., 2004


Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Ethylene production, respiration, degreening, softening, electrolyte leakage

Days to ripen, soluble solids, stem and body black rots, anthracnose, external blemishes

 

Soluble solids

Hofman et al., 2001; Jacomino et al., 2002; Ergun and Huber, 2004

Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch)

Ethylene production, respiration, softening, loss of titratable acidity, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity, rot (Monilinia sp.) in mature green fruit, ethylene receptor  (ERSI) gene expression

 

Flesh browning at 5oC, shelf life

Rot (Monilinia sp.) in ripe fruit, loss of acidity in low-acid cultivars, ETRI transcription

 

Fan et al., 2002; Girardi et al., 2003; Kluge and Jacomino, 2002;  Liguori et al., 2004; Mathooko et al., 2001; Rasori et al.,  2002

Pear (Pyrus communis L.)

Ethylene production, respiration, water loss, softening, polygalacturonase transcripts, superficial scald development, a-farnesene production, color change, increases in glycosidase (a-galactosidase, b-galactosidase, a-arabinofuranosidase, b-xylosidase, b-glucosidase) activity, sensitivity to handling damage, senescent breakdown, watery and core breakdown

 

Ethylene production of freshly harvested fruit

Endo-1,4-b-glucanase transcripts, color change, volatile production, soluble solids, titratable acidity

Argenta et al., 2003; Baritelle et al., 2001; Calvo and Sozzi, 2004; de Wild et al., 1999, 2003a; Ekman et al., 2004; Hiwasa et al., 2003; Kubo et al, 2003; Larrigaudiere et al., 2004; Lelievre et al., 1997; Mwaniki et al., 2005; Moggia et al., 2001; Trinchero et al., 2004

 


FRUITS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Climacteric (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)

 

Softening, expression of defense-related genes, hydrogen peroxide concentration and ionic leakage, ethylene accumulation

 

SOD, POX, APX, and CAT activity

Softening, storage

Itai at al., 2000; Szczerbanik , 2005; Wang 2003

Persimmon (Diospyros khaki L.)

 

Ethylene production, softening, loss of astringeny, color change, ethanol and acetaldehyde accumulation, softening and increased , a-L-arabinofuranosidase activity after CO2 treatment, calyx abscission, polygalacturonase actvitity

 

 

Black spot (Alternaria alternata ), weight loss, soluble solids, ethylene production and respiration rate

Ben-Arie et al., 2001; Feng et al., 2000; Harima et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2001; Kurahashi et al., 2005; Nakano et al., 2001a,b; Niikawa et al., 2005; Salvador et al., 2004; Xu et al., 2004

Plum (Prunus salicina L.; Prunus x domestica L.)

Ethylene production, respiration, softening, color change, loss of titratable acidity, aroma development, flesh browning, decay, ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration, weight loss, bruising

 

Flesh browning

Color change, weight loss, sugar loss, soluble solids, acidity

Argenta et al., 2003; Abdi et al., 1998; Dong et al., 2001b, 2002; Lippert and Blanke, 2004; Martinez-Romero et al., 2003; Menniti et al., 2004; Salvador et al., 2003; Skog et al., 2001a; Valero et al., 2003, 2004

 

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

Ethylene production, respiration, lycopene accumulation, loss of titratable acidity, lower brix/acid ratio, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity, softening, transcripts for phytoene synthase 1, expansin 1 and ACC oxidase, polygalacturonase activity, chlorophyll loss, hue angle change, LeARF1, a-L-arabinofuranosidase gene, fruit abscission, endo-1,4-b-glucanase transcripts

 

Less synchronization of ripening at 25oC, c.f. 15 and 20oC, shifts in locule color, aroma, and firmness relative to external color

Soluble solids, weight loss, titratable acidity, LeXLY1 and LeXLY2 b-D-xylosidase genes

Beno-Moualem et al., 2004; Colelli et al., 2003; de Wild et al., 2005; Feng et al., 2004; Itai et al., 2003; Krammes et al., 2003; Mir et al., 2004; Mostofi et al., 2003; Nakatsuka et al., 1997, 1998; Opiyo and Ying, 2005; Saltveit, 2005; Sisler and Serek, 1997; Sisler et al., 1996, 1999; Sun et al., 2003; Wills and Ku, 2002; Yokotani et al., 2004

FRUITS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Non-climacteric:

 

 

 

 

 

Cherry (Prunus avium L.)

 

Transient ethylene stimulation.

Respiration rate, fruit color, firmness, stem browning

 

Gong et al., 2002

Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata L.)

 

Color change, softening, soluble solids

Acidity

 

Laamim et al., 2005

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

 

Ethylene-induced degreening

 

Color change in absence of ethylene

Nilsson, 2005

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

 

Alcohol dehydrogenase activity, anthocyanin accumulation (transient; on-vine treatment)

 

Acidity

 

Chervin et al., 2004; Tesniere et al., 2004

Grapefuit (Citrus paradisi Macf.)

 

Degreening

Ethylene production

Decay, degreening

Mullins et al., 2000; Porat et al., 2001

Lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka)

Loss of green color, chilling injury, ethanol and acetaldehyde accumulation

 

Chilling injury, acetaldehyde, ethanol, ethyl acetate accumulation

 

Kluge et al., 2003a, b; Jomori et al., 2003a, b

Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)

 

Degreening, mold rot incidence, ethylene-induced esterase gene expression

Chilling injury, volatile off-flavors, stem-end rot incidence

Weight loss, softening

Porat et al., 1999; Zhong et al., 2001


FRUITS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Non-climacteric: (continued)

 

 

 

 

 

Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)

 

Ethylene production, softening, color loss

 

Alternative oxidase activity

Huang et al., 2003; Tian et al., 2004

Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)

Chilling injury (internal browning), decline in ascorbic acid and soluble solids content, yellowing, decline in ethylene production

 

 

 

Selvarajah et al., 2001

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)

Ethylene production, softening, color change, decay, increase in phenolics content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, loss of calyx tissue quality

 

Decay, ethylene production

Respiration rate, decay, fruit acceptability

Bower et al., 2003; Jiang et al., 2001b; Ku et al., 1999; Tian et al., 2000

Watermelon (Citrullus

lanatus)

Ethylene-induced water soaking and enzymes involved in phospholipids catabolism, electrolyte leakage, extractable juice

 

 

Mao et al., 2004b


VEGETABLES

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Arabadopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

 

Ethylene-induced senescence, chlorophyll and carotenoid content of younger leaves

 

Chlorophyll and carotenoid content of older leaves

Alexieva et al., 2004

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.)

 

Respiration, yellowing, decay, loss of ascorbic acid and protein contents, dimethyl trisulfide, reduction of catalase, peroxidase, and chlorophyllone activities

 

Shelf life, injury if 1-MCP >12 mL.L-1

 

Rots

Able et al., 2002; Ku and Wills, 1999; Fan and Mattheis, 2000a; Forney et al., 2003; Gong and Mattheis, 2003; Wang and Win, 2002

 

Carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Isocoumarin accumulation, phytoalexin production, ethylene-induced acidity loss and respiration increase

 

 

 

Fan and Mattheis, 2000b; Fan et al., 2000b

Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. spp. pekinensis (Lour) Olsson)

 

 

Ethylene production and respiration rate (prior to cold storage)

Quality, weight loss, trimming loss

Porter et al., 2004

Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea var. foliosa)

 

Yellowing in presence or absence of exogenous ethylene

Shelf life

 

Able et al., 2003

Choysum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)

 

Yellowing in presence or absence of exogenous ethylene

Shelf life

 

Able et al., 2003

Chrysanthemum, Garland (Chrysanthemum coronarium)

 

Yellowing in presence or absence of exogenous ethylene

Shelf life

 

Able et al., 2003


VEGETABLES (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

 

Senescence, chlorophyll and protein loss, amino acid accumulation, ion leakage.

Respiration rate, ethylene production.

Respiration rate (first 5 days after treatment).

Jiang et al., 2002

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

 

Ethylene-induced russet spotting, phenolic compounds

Storage life

 

Fan and Mattheis, 2000b; Manleitner et al., 2001; Saltveit, 2004; Wills et al., 2002

Mibuna (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica)

 

 

Shelf life

 

Able et al., 2003

Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica)

 

 

Shelf life

 

Able et al., 2003

Pak choy (Brassica rapa)

 

 

Shelf life in presence of exogenous ethylene

Shelf life in absence of exogenous ethylene, rots

Able et al., 2002

Parsley

(Petroselinum crispum Mill.)

 

Senescence

Senescence and ethylene production at low MCP concentrations

 

Ella et al., 2003

Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

 

Fry color darkening

 

Wound-induced suberin, polyphenolic accumulation, NAA-mediated sprout growth inhibition, weight loss

 

Lulai and Suttle, 2004; Prange et al., 2001, 2005; Suttle, 2003

Tatsoi (Brassica rapa  var. rosularis)

Yellowing in presence or absence of exogenous ethylene

Shelf life

 

Able et al., 2003

 


FRESH CUT PRODUCE

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Apple [Malus sylvestris (L) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]

 

Ethylene production, respiration, softening, color change, aroma compounds, acidity, texture changes

Decay development

Total sugars, acids, browning, aroma compounds

Beaulieu and Baldwin, 2002; Jiang and Joyce, 2002; Perera et al., 2003; Bai et al., 2004; Calderon-Lopez et al., 2005

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.)

 

Ethylene-induced degreening, chlorophyllase and peroxidase activities

 

Lipooxygenase activity

Gong and Mattheis, 2003

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deliciosa

 

Ethylene production, respiration, softening

 

 

Colelli and Amodio, 2003

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

 

Ethylene production, respiration, loss of firmness and crispness, russet spotting development, loss of ascorbic acid, yellowing, wound-induced phenolics

 

 

Crispness

Saltveit, 2004; Tay and Perera, 2004; Wills et al., 2002

Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)

 

Respiration, browning, loss of visual quality, loss of lightness (L*), loss of ascorbic acid

Electrolyte leakage

 

Budu and Joyce, 2003

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

 

Loss of firmness of slices from treated fruit; watersoaking of treated slices

Ethylene production of slices from treated fruit

Firmness and electrolyte leakage of treated slices

Jeong et al., 2004

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansfeld)

Water soaking, electrolyte leakage, extractable juice, ethylene-induced increases in phospholipids degradation and associated enzymes

 

 

Mao et al., 2004c


ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTS

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References


 Cut Flowers:

 

 

 

 

 

Alstroemeria, Matthiola incana, Consolida ambiguaa, Dianthus caryophyllus, Penstemon hartwegii, Antirrhinum majus

 

 

Vase life in the presence of ethylene

 

Serek et al., 1995; Sisler and Serek, 1997; Skog et al., 2001b

Antirrhinum majus, Delphinium elatum, Gypsophilia paniculata

 

 

Vaselife in the presence or absence of ethylene

 

Skog et al., 2001b

Australian native cut flowers

Flower abscission, wilting or closing in the presence of ethylene (for, Grevillea ‘Kay Williams’ and ‘Misty Pink’, Leptospermum petersonii, Telopea ‘Shady Lady’, and Verticordia nitens

 

Species unaffected by MCP, even if challenged with ethylene: Cassinia adunca, Eriostemon scaber, Leptospermum scoparium, Ozomamnus diomifolius, Platysace lanceolata, Thryptomene calycina, Zieria cytisoides

 

Macnish et al., 2000a

 


ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References


 Cut Flowers

(continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Beehive ginger (Zingiber spectabilis)

 

Shelf life

 

 

Almeida et al., 2003

Boronia heterophylla

 

Loss of fresh weight in presence of ethylene

Vase life in the presence of ethylene

Vase life in the absence of ethylene

Macnish et al, 1999

Campanula medium L.

 

 

Vase life (with sucrose pulse)

 

Bosma and Dole, 2002

Carnation

 

 

Vase life

 

Hassan and Gerzson, 2002

Cattleya alliances

 

Ethylene production, ACC oxidase activity

Vase life

 

Yamane et al., 2004

Chrysanthemum

(Chrysanthe-mum morifolium, Dendranthema morifolium)

 

 

Vase life

 

Hassan and Gerzson, 2002

Chamelaucium uncinatum

Flower abscission, and closing in the presence of ethylene

 

Vase life in the presence of ethylene

 

Macnish et al., 2002

Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L.)

 

Ethylene-induced watersoaking of perianth and senescence-associated transcripts

 

 

Hunter et al., 2004


 

ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Cut Flowers (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Matthiola incana

Loss of fresh weight during vase life

Vase life in presence or absence of ethylene

 

 

Celikel and Reid, 2002

Geraldton Waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum)

 

Bud and flower abscission in the presence of ethylene

 

Bud and flower abscission in the absence of ethylene

Macnish et al., 2004;  Serek et al., 1995

Grevillea ‘Sylvia’

 

10 nlL-1 MCP at 20C increased vase life in presence of ethylene; inflors regained ethylene sensitivity n 2-3 days.  The same MCP concn. Given at 2C was not effective.

 

Macnish et al., 2002

Ixora

Chilling-induced leaf abscission in the presence or absence of ethylene, or in high light applied immediately after chilling.

 

 

 

Michaeli et al., 1999; Michaeli et al., 2001

Lupinus havardii

Fresh weight loss, flower senescence, ethephon-induced flower abscission

 

Opening of young flower buds

 

Picchioni et al., 2002, Sankhla et al., 2001

Metrosideros collinaTahiti

Stamen abscission in the presence of ethylene.  Sensitivity to ethylene was regained in 1-2 days.  STS was much more effective.

 

Ethylene production

 

Sun et al., 2000

Orchid (Cymbidium)

Pedicel browning, petal wilting, and senescence due to mechanical damage to pollinia

 

Flower longevity, with or without exogenous ethylene

 

Heyes and Johnson, 1998


ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Cut Flowers (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Orchid (Phalaenopsis)

Flower wilting (especially after pollination); sensitivity to basal ethylene levels; and post-pollination auto-catalytic ethylene production

 

 

Porat et al., 1995

 

 

 

 

 

Pot Plants:

 

 

 

 

 

Begonia x elatior

Leaf and bud abscission in the presence of ethylene

 

Display life in the presence of ethylene air

Display life in the absence of ethylene

Serek et al., 1994; Skog et al., 2001b

Begonia x tuberhybrida

Leaf and bud abscission in the presence of ethylene

 

 

 

Serek et al., 1994

Calceolaria x herbeohybrids

 

Display life in the presence of ethylene

 

 

Skog et al., 2001b

Campanula carpatica

Wilting

Flower longevity and display life in the presence of ethylene

 

Display life in the absence of ethylene

Serek and Sisler, 2001; Sisler et al., 1996, 1999

Catharanthus roseus

 

Display life in the presence of ethylene

 

 

Skog et al., 2001b

Dendranthema grandiflora

 

Reduced rooting of freshly harvested, or stored cuttings

 

 

Serek et al., 1998


 

ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Pot Plants (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum)

 

 

 

Plant display life

Skog et al., 2001b

Epipremnum pinnatum

Chl loss during short-term, dark, warm storage or unrooted cuttings; leaf abscission during rooting

 

 

Rooting ability compared to controls

Muller at al., 1997

Euphorbia pulcherrima

 

 

Display life in the presence of ethylene

Display life (cultivar dependent)

Skog et al., 2001b

Flowering tobacco

 

 

Display life in the presence or absence of ethylene

 

Skog et al., 2001b

Geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum)

 

Petal abscission in both ethylene-free or ethylene-contaminated air, (cultivar differences) chl loss during 3 days of dark, 20oC storage of unrooted cuttings

 

Display life in the presence of ethylene; rooting of warm, dark-stored cuttings

 

Jones et al., 2001, Serek et al., 1998; Skog et al., 2001b

Hibiscus

Reduced rooting of freshly harvested or stored cuttings, leaf yellowing

Very slight increase in flower longevity when held continuously in MCP in the absence of ethylene

Flower longevity from transient MCP exposure and subsequently held in air

Reid et al., 2002; Serek et al., 1998

Impatiens

 

Display life in the presence or absence of ethylene

 

 

Skog et al., 2001b


 

ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Pot Plants (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Kalanchoe

Petal inrolling in the presence of ethylene, wilting

Display life in an ethylene atmosphere

 

Vase life in an ethylene-free atmosphere

Kebenei et al., 2003b; Serek and Reid, 2000; Serek et al., 1994, Sisler et al., 1999; Skog et al., 2001b

 

New Guinea impatiens

 

Display life in the presence or absence of ethylene

 

 

Skog et al., 2001b

Oriental hybrid lilies (Lilium)

Ethylene-induced bud and leaf abscission and leaf chlorosis, bud blasting

Quality after cold storage

Bud abscission and leaf chlorosis in the absence of ethylene, quality before cold storage

 

Celikel et al., 2002; Han and Miller, 2003

Pelargonium x domesticum

 

Leaf yellowing, ethylene-induced leaf senescence

Display life in the presence of ethylene

 

Cameron and Reid, 2001; Kadner and Druege, 2004; Serek et al., 1998; Skog et al., 2001b

Petunia

Electrolyte leakage in presence of ethylene

Display life in the presence of ethylene; corolla longevity, fresh weight, total and membrane protein, lipid fluidity, all in the presence of ethylene.

 

 

Serek et al., 1995; Skog et al., 2001b

Rosa hybrida

Leaf and bud abscission

Display life, but only after mechanical stress (simulated shipping); display life in both ethylene-contaminated and ethylene-free air

 

Display life in the absence of mechanical stress;

Muller et al., 2000; Serek et al., 1994; Skog et al., 2001b


 

ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTS (continued)

 

Decreased or delayed

Increased

Unaffected

References

Pot Plants (continued):

 

 

 

 

 

Sweet Pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.)

 

 

Display life in presence of ethylene

 

Kebenei et al., 2003

Schlumbergera truncata

Ethylene-mediated flower bud abscission

Flower longevity and display life in the presence of ethylene

 

 

Serek and Sisler, 2001

Streptocarpella x hybrida

 

Display life in the presence or absence of ethylene

 

 

Skog et al., 2001b

Wax begonia

 

Display life in the presence or absence of ethylene

 

 

Skog et al., 2001b

Bulb Crops:

 

 

 

 

Tulip

Ethylene-induced gummosis (polysaccharide secretion), weight loss and internal floral abortion

 

 

de Wild et al., 2002

 


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Hoeberichts, F.A., Van der Plas, L.H.W., Woltering, E.J. (2002) Ethylene perception is required for the expression of tomato ripening-related genes and associated physiological changes even at advanced stages of ripening. Postharvest Biology and Technology 26: 125-133.

Hofman, P.J., Jobin-Décor, M., Meiburg, G.F., Macnish, A.J., Joyce, D.C. (2001) Ripening and quality responses of avocado, custard apple, mango and papaya fruit to 1-methylcyclopropene. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41: 567-572.

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Huang, X.M., Zhang, Z.Q., Duan, X.W. (2003) Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on storage quality of hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) at room temperature. China Vegetables 1: 9-11.

Hunter, D.A., Yi, M., Xu, X., Reid, M.S. (2004) Role of ethylene in perianth senescence of daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. `Dutch Master'), Postharvest Biology and Technology 32:269-280.

Itai, A., Tanabe, K., Tamura, F., Tanaka, T. (2000) Isolation of cDNA clones corresponding to genes expressed during fruit ripening in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai): involvement of the ethylene signal transduction pathway in their expression. Journal of Experimental Botany 51: 1163-1166.

Itai, A., Ishihara, K., Bewley, J.D. (2003) Characterization of expression, and cloning, of beta-D-xylosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase in developing and ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit). Journal of Experimental Botany 54: 2615-2622.

Jacomino,A.P., Kluge, R.A., Brackmann, A., de Camargo e Castro, P.R. (2002) Amadurecimento e senescencia de mamao com 1-metilciclopropeno. (Ripening and senescence of papaya with 1-methylcyclopropene.) Scientia Agricola 59: 303-308.

Janisiewicz, W.J., Leverentz, B., Conway, W.S., Saftner, R.A., Reed, A.N., Camp, M.J. (2003) Control of bitter rot and blue mold of apples by integrating heat and antagonist treatments on 1-MCP treated fruit stored under controlled atmosphere conditions. Postharvest Biology and Technology 29: 129-143.

Jayanty, S.S., Canoles, M., Beaudry, R.M. (2004) Concentration dependence of 'Redchief Delicious' apple fruit softening and chlorophyll fluorescence to repeated doses of 1-methylcyclopropene. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129:760-765.

Jeong, J., Brecht, J.K., Huber, D.J., Sargent, S.A. (2004) 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for maintaining texture quality of fresh-cut tomato. HortScience 39: 1359-1362.

Jeong, J., Huber, D.J., Sargent, S.A. (2002) Influence of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ripening and cell-wall matrix polysaccharides of avocado (Persea americana) fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 25:241-256.

Jeong, J., Huber, D.J., Sargent, S.A. (2003) Delay of avocado (Persea americana) fruit ripening by 1-methylcyclopropene and wax treatments. Postharvest Biology and Technology 28: 247-257.

Jeong, J., Huber, D.J. (2004) Suppression of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit softening and changes in cell wall matrix polysaccharides and enzyme activities: Differential responses to 1-MCP and delayed ethylene application. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129:752-759.

Jiang, Y.M., Joyce, D.C. (2000) Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene alone and in combination with polyethylene bags on the postharvest life of mango fruit. Annals of Applied Biology 137: 321-327.

Jiang, Y.M., Joyce, D.C. (2002) 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment effects on intact and fresh-cut apple. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 77: 19-21.

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Jiang, Y.M., D.C. Joyce, W.B. Jiang, and W.J. Lu. 2004. Effects of chilling temperatures on ethylene binding by banana fruit. Plant Growth Regulation 43: 109-115.

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Jiang, Y.M., Joyce, D.C., Terry, L.A. (2001b) 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment affects strawberry fruit decay. Postharvest Biology and Technology 23: 227-232.

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Lippert, F., Blanke, M.M. (2004) Effect of mechanical harvest and timing of 1-MCP application on respiration and fruit quality of European plums Prunus domestica L. Postharvest Biology and Technology 34:305-311.

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Lohani, S., Trivedi, P.K., Nath, P. (2004) Changes in activities of cell wall hydrolases during ethylene-induced ripening in banana: effect of 1-MCP, ABA and IAA. Postharvest Biology and Technology 31:119-126.

Lu, C.W., Toivonen, P.M.A. (2003) 1-Methylcyclopropene plus high CO2 applied after storage reduces ethylene production and enhances shelf life of Gala apples. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83:817-824.

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Manleitner, S. R., Noga, G., Cameron, A. C. (2001) Influence of 1-MCP on russet spotting in lettuce midribs.  Acta Horticulturae 553:321-322.

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