Propagate by
seed,
division or separation
- Divide and replant at harvest, or save bulbs over winter to plant in spring. Plants seldom produce viable seed in temperate regions.
Germination temperature: 45 F to 95 F
Days to emergence: 4 to 5
Seed can be saved 1 year.
- Longer if stored properly in cool, dry location.
Can be direct-seeded, grown from transplants started inside, or from sets -- small bulbs grown from seed the previous season. Choose a weed-free, well-drained location. Raised beds are ideal. Shallots are good for intercropping with other garden plants, especially early-maturing spring greens. Do not plant where other onion family crops have been grown in the past 3 years.
Direct seed ½ inch deep, ½ to 1 inch apart, in rows 10 to 18 inches apart, 2 to 4 weeks before average last frost. This rate will usually produce a single bulb from each plant. To produce clusters of bulbs, increase spacings to 6 to 8 inches.
Plant sets in fall or early- to mid-spring. Break bulbs into individual cloves and plant about 1 inch deep so that tops are just covered, 6 inches apart, rows 12" apart. You can cut large cloves into smaller pieces as long as head has some root on it. Mulch to reduce soil heaving and protect plants.
Shallots have shallow root systems and need consistent moisture and good weed control. (Be careful. Grass and shallot seedlings can be difficult to distinguish.) Water weekly if weather is dry, and mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
